Sleep problems are reported in 6% of cases 7 to 9 months after infection, and 8.9% at 12 months. With the Omicron variant, sleep problems are reported in 2.4% of cases 3 months after primary infection.
This symptom can include difficulty going to sleep, waking up in the middle of the night and having difficulty getting back to sleep or, conversely, experiencing hypersomnia (needing more sleep). Your sleep may also be disrupted by nightmares or strange dreams. A fatigue assessment and investigations for neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc.), metabolic disorders (e.g. thyroid problems) and post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety or depression should be done.
How is it treated ?
- Avoid stimulants, such as caffeinated beverages (tea, coffee or carbonated drinks), in the 4 to 6 hours before sleep; avoid smoking or drinking alcohol with your evening meal.
- Avoid extreme temperatures in the bedroom, which should be kept quiet and dark.
- Exercise regularly.
- Lie in bed only to sleep or have sex; you should not work or watch television in the bedroom.
- Prefer a light meal in the evening.
- Do something relaxing for at least an hour before bedtime.
- Avoid screens before going to bed and turn off mobile telephone notifications at night.
As with non-COVID-related insomnia, relaxation exercises, mindfulness meditation and hypnosis improve sleep. Current research suggests that aromatherapy (lavender or camomile) can improve sleep quality.
In addition to sleep hygiene measures, medications may be indicated for the treatment of post-COVID insomnia. In this case, discuss the matter first with your primary care physician or with a neurologist if you also have headaches.
If these measures prove inadequate, it is suggested that you discuss your sleep problems with your primary care physician and, as a second step, consult a somnologist.