Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression

The prevalence of mental health problems in COVID-19 patients who received outpatient care for their illness has not yet been established. Mental illness is thought to affect more than 18% of people between 14 and 90 days after infection, with it being a first diagnosis of mental illness in 5% of cases. The acute phase of the infection can potentially constitute a traumatic event that could lead to post-traumatic stress disorder. This was particularly true during the first two waves of the pandemic, or if related with hospitalization or a stay at the intensive care unit.

What is it ?

Flashbacks, post-traumatic nightmares related to COVID-19, memory and attention problems, sweating, trembling, jumpiness, insomnia, negative thoughts, sadness, anxiety, irritability and avoidance behaviours (for example, avoiding people, situations and places associated with COVID-19). 

When to worry ? 

If you experience any of these symptoms, you should discuss them with your primary care physician.

How is it treated ?

Specialized treatment is essential if you have any of these symptoms. We recommend that you talk to your primary care physician to find the best treatment. There are specific treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, which involve psychotherapy and medication. 

Post-COVID symptoms last several months, fluctuate over time and can be discouraging. The SARS-CoV-2 virus – can also be a direct trigger for adjustment disorders (emotional or psychological problems following a stressful event).

When to worry ? 

If you experience debilitating anxiety and/or depression coupled with feelings of sadness, guilt or failure, or have suicidal thoughts because of persistent symptoms that you are unable to adjust to or other factors in your daily life, you should talk to your primary care physician about it.

How is it treated ?

Psychotherapy is effective in helping patients to mobilize their internal and external resources and find adjustment strategies.
Antidepressants are ineffective in treating adjustment disorders. Medication may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms such as anxiety and sleep disorders for a limited period of time; the need for and effectiveness of such medication is re-evaluated regularly.

Post-COVID symptoms last several months, fluctuate over time and can be a trigger for depressive episodes because they contribute significantly to stress. Because of its effects on the brain, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, through its consequences, can also act as a direct or indirect trigger for depression. 

When to worry ?

If you experience feelings of deep sadness, guilt or failure, have lost interest in your activities or have suicidal thoughts, you should talk to your primary care physician about them.